Carbureter.



R. SHIPMAN.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, ms. RENEWED JUNE 20.19n.

mmfiw Patented Jan. 29, 1918.

Z SHEETS-SHEET l- EEW- 55 C I/H024 R. SHIPIVIAN.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.19, I915. RENEWED JUNE 20. 1911.

mmymm Patented Jan. 29,1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Elm

Elli) fuel, to form a suita it il l if:

RIPE SHIPMAN, 0F SUNBURY, PENNSYLVAN oannunn'rnn.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 29, lhll.

Application filed March 19, 1915, Serial No. 15,4. Renewed .Tune 20,1917. Serial No. 175,977.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatl, RALPH SHirMAN, a citizen of the United States,residin at Sunbury, in the county of Northumber and and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCarbureters for Explosive-lEngines, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to improve ments in carbureters adaptedfor modern internal combustion engines, such as are used on automobiles,where the speed of the engine is not always maintained the same, but isvaried at the will of the operator, and the main purpose of theinvention is to provide for automatically maintaining the air and liquidfuel composing the explosive mixture in proper proportions at all enginespeeds.

. In the drawing accompanying this appli cation, 1 have shown acarbureter of the type illustrated in my prior Patent No.

783,902, in which a hingedvalve 0r damper,

normally restricts the flow of air through the carbureter and, at lowengine speeds,

carries the reduced volume of air close to the liquid fuel nozzle. inpassing through the restricted opening the velocity of the air issufiicient to cause a proper flow of liquid le mixture, while, as theengine speed increases, the valve opens and a greater volume of airflows past the fuel nozzle at a speed. which causes the liquid fuel topass out in greater volume, but in proper proportion to the air to makea suitable mixture for the engine at the higher speeds. The presentinvention relates particularly to improvements in the spraying devicesfor carbureters of this type, whereby hetter'mixtures are obtained atthe various engine speeds, the draft con trolled valve or dampercooperating with the spraying device to this end. lihe invention alsocomprises an improved priming valve for the carhureter, the details andadvantages of which will hereinafter he pointed out.

in the accompanying drawing, which illustrates the invention,

Figure l is a section through the carhureter on the line l-l of Fig. 2.;

Fig. l is a perspective view of the spray ing device illustrated inFig.1;

Fig. 9; is a top plan view of the carhurcter;

end of the carbureter, showing 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of 5 Figs.4 and 5 are, re ectivel 0 osite side elevations of the car b iiretem ppFig. 6 is a perspective view of the draft controlled damper;

Fig. 7 is a section through the air intake the priming valve closed, andillustrating its operation;

Flg. 8 is a perspective view of, a modified form of spraying device,with the draft controlled damper shown in dotted lines;

Fig. 9 is a side view, partly in section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 10, ofanother modification of the spraying device;

Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the spraying device shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a top plan view of another modification of the sprayingdevice;

Fig. 12 is a central section through the device shown in Fig. 11;

Fig, 13 is a top plan view of still another modification of the sprayingdevice; and, v

Fig. 14: is a section on the line 1i1l of Fig. 13.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 7, of the drawing, A indicates the mixingchamber of the carbureter comprising a tubular casing 1, having at oneend a priming valve 1), and at the opposite end a throttle valve t, andbetween these valves is a draft controlled valve or damper cl. lhepriming valve, as usual, is held normally open by a spring 2, upon itsstem 3, in order that air may pass freely through the air intake end lof the carbureter, and an arm 5 is provided upon the stem to which theusual priming wire or red may be attached for closing the valve to startthe engine, when desired. For convenience in machining the arts, thepriming valve is mounted in a fitting 6, which forms an extension of thecasing 1. The valve, as shown, is composed of a flat ring Z, the outerdiameter of which is substantially equal to the internal diameter of thefitting 6 and a disk it which fits against the ring, the disk and ringforming a complete closure for the air intalre end of the carhurcterwhen the valve is in closed position, as shown in Fig. it. l heinclusive,

ring is secured to the spindle 3, hut the dislr isv perforated atdiametrically opposite points and isadapted to slide upon studs 5*toward and from the ring. liight coiled lid hit

lllllll Illlli ually lating the flow of fiuld through sa1d nozzle,

disk 8 to be drawn away from the ring 7, and thereby permit enough airto enter to keepthe carbureter from flooding or the engine fromstalling, should the operator not release the priming Valve promptly.When the priming valve is released, it opens automatically by reason ofthe spring 2, and the springs 10 then return the disk 8 to its normalposition against the ring 7, so that these two parts will form acomplete closure for the air intake end of the carbureter when it isnext necessary to use the priming valve.

The throttle valve t, which regulates the quantity of mixture flowing tothe engine, is cast in one piece with its stem 11 and a flange bushing12, which parts fit into suitable openings in the upper and lower wallsof the casing, and the stem is provided with an arm 13 by which thevalve may be turned from the dashboard of an automobile through theusual manually operated appliances. The float chamber of the carbureteris indicated at B, and 14 representsthe fitting through Which thegasolene flows from the tank or source of supply to the float chamber,the level of the fuel in the latter chamber being regulated by the float15 and a..suitable valve 16, the details of which need not be described.A passageway 17 leads from the float chamber to the interior of a fuelnozzle 18, in-which is fitted a manadjustable needle valve 19, forreguor entirely cutting off the flow, as desired. This nozzle projectsupwardly through the lower wall of the casing 1, and upon said lower'wall within the casing, is arranged a spraying or mixing nozzle 6, withthe interior of which the fuel nozzle 18 communicates. The casing 1ispreferably rectangular ,in cross section, as shown in Fig. 3, and thespraying or mixing device e comprises a head 20 which rests upon thebottom of the casing and extends across itfrom slde to side, and a stem21, which pro ects rearwardly, or toward the air intake end of thecarburetor from the head. The stem 21 1s bored longitudinally, as shownat 22, and this bore intersects a cross-bore or passageway 23 inthe'head, the ends of the latter bore being suitably closed so that thespraying or mixing device is substantially hollow, having two bores atright'angles to one another. The head has a transverse series ofopenings 24, extending through its upper wall to the bore 23, and onits: upper surface the valve d normally rests upon the ribs 26,

bridging over the grooves adjacent the perforations 24:. These groovesform small air passageways through which the air may flow beneath theforward edge of the valve and over the orifices 24. At the rear of thecrossbore 23, and in advance of the fuel nozzle 18v is a perforation 27,extending downwardly through the upper wall of the bore 22, and a shortdistance at the rear of the perforation 27 is another perforation 28,these perforations being for a purpose hereinafter mentioned. The rearend of the bore 22 communicates with the interior of the casing 1, andthe size of this bore may be reduced, as desired, by means of suitablebushings, one of which is shown at 29. The valve or damper d has on itsunderside an arm or bracket 30, provided with a tubular trunnion 31,which extends across the casing and is sleeved upon a pin 32, secured inthe sides of the casing and extending transversely through it. Aprojection 33 on the spraying device serves as a rest for the bracket orarm of the damper, and as the damper is made of sheet metal stampings,this stop forms a substantial support for the valve to relieve it ofstrain in case of backfiring through the carbureter. The valve (1 isnormally pressed to its seat by a helical spring 33, one end of whichfits over a conical projection 34 secured to the top of the valve -whilethe other end fits within a cap 35,.which is adjustable within athreaded opening 36 in the upper wall of the carbureter. By turning thecap 35, the tension on the spring may be varied as desired, and in orderto hold the bushing frictionally in its adjusted position, a s ring 37is provided in a housing 38, an normally forces a ball or other solidobject against the threads of the bushing 35. An adjusting screw 40 isfitted into the end of the housing for the purpose of applying suitabletension to the spring 37.

In operation, the draft controlled valve at substantially closes thepassageway through the casing above the spraying device, and thusrestricts the flow of air through the carbureter. In the closed positionof the valve, the air flowing through the casing of the carbureter mustflow beneath the draft controlled valveand in proximity to thesprayingdevice, the air, of course, flowing more rapidly through andpast this device because of the closing off of the main passageway bythe damper. In cranking the engine to start it, the priming valve beingclosed, the liquid fuel will be drawn from the nozzle 18 into andthrough the passageways 22 and 23, and thence outward through thetransverse series of orifices 24, thence passing into the engine withwhatever air may pass through the bore 22, perforations 27 and 28, andthe channels 25 beneath the draft controlled damper. When the enginestarts and is running idle at its lowest speed,

the draft controlled valve remains substantially closed, in" which casethe air continues the courses just mentioned, intimately mix lessextent, depending upon the demands of; the engine. So long as thethrottle valve is substantially closed, .air flows downward throughtheorifices 27 and 28 into the inte rior of the mixing device 6 andminglesiwith the fuel spray from the nozzle .18, the suc-' tion throughthe openings 24 at the outlet 1 25 end of the, devicebeing-great enoughto.

cause these downward drafts of air through the nozzles 27-and 28, thisair draft controlled valve a} to the demands ofthe engine,

greater flow of air through the carbureterl As this valve opens, thedrafts through the orifices 27 and 28 become reversed, in succession.That is, when. the draft controlled damper lifts to a certain extent,more air flows over the top of the device e than in through thepassageway 22, and hence, in-

stead of air flowing downward'through the passageway 27, liquid fuelwill flow out through said passageway into the passing current of air.Thus, when the flow of air it? is increased to a certain extent by thedraft, the liquid fuel finds an additional outlet so that an increasedflow of fuel is automatically'supplied with an increased flow of air.With a further opening of the throttle valve to andan increase in thedraft through the carburetor, the valve 0? lifts still farther and theliquid fuel then flows out throu h the orifice 28, as well as throughthe ori ces 27 and 24', and thus another outlet for the liqte uid fuelis provided, and this automatically comes into use as the draft isincreased. Upon slowing down the engine, the reverse of these operationstakes place, the flow of liquid fuel through the orifice 28 firstceasing, and this being followed as the valve closes, by a cessation ofthe fuel flow through the orifice 27, and as the draft controlled valvenears its seat, air will flow first through the opening 28 into'themixer 6, followed by at a flow of air through the orifice 27 into the Vmingling "fi withthe fuel Within the spraying head c and and thethrottle v'alve'is openedwider, the opensi in response] allowing a mixere, and it will continue to flow through these orifices into the mixerwhile the engine is running idle, the fuel for the engine then allpassing through the orifices 24:.

There are various ways in which the mixto ing head may be modified,giving the same results, and in Figs. 8 to 14, inclusive, T haillustrated some of these.

For instance, in Fig. 8, in the mixing device e, the channels and ribsillustratedin Figs. 1 and'l are omitted, and the draft controlled valve(Z, shown in dotted lines, rests upon the top of the head 20, in whichposition it would close the air passageway through the carbureter,except for the flow through the stem 21 and out through the openings24*, which, in this instance, are in the forward sloping side41 of thehead, ad-

jacent to the end of the valve B, but not closed 'by it. I a

In Figs. 9 and 10, another modification, e

is shown, in which there is but a single opening,24. in the-forward sideof the head 20 this opening being substantially equal in area to thesumof the areas of the transverse series of openings in the previouslydescribed gure's. In; Figs. .9 and 10, the bore 22*, through the stem,extends directly to the opening 24. as shown in dotted lines, and atransversepassageway 42 intersects thelon-, gitudinal bore 22 at therear of the point Where the 'valve d restsupon the head 20". Openings 27and 28 are arranged in the stem, corresponding tothe openings 27 and 28in Fig. 1, and in addition to these openings, a transverse series ofperforations 43 r are extended through the rear wall of the head intothe passageway 42. These trans verse openings, as shown in Fig. 9, areinclined forwardly and upwardly, and these, we as well as the openings27 and 28 are in advance of the liquid fuel nozzle 18. lit will beapparent that in the operation of this device, with slight draft throughthe carbureter, the mixture will flow out of the opening 2%", and no airwill flow into the mixing device through openings 43, 27* and 28 andthrough the bore of the stem, until the damper lifts in response to thedemands of the engine, when fuel will flow out through the openings 43and 27 and also through the opening 28*, if the draft is sufficient. Theupward and forward inclination of the openings 4-8 causes the liquidfuel to issue somewhat in the direction of the air draft.

In Figs. 11 and 12, the head a has two transverse recesses 23 and 42,which are in tersected by the bore 22, extending through the stem intothe head. A transverse series of openings 24 extend from the recesses 23openings 24, and it may rest directlyupon the head or slightly above it,.as shown in Fig. 12. The openings 43 are in advance of the fuel nozzle18. In this modification, at low engine speeds, air enters through thebore 22 in the stem and also through the perforations 43 and the mixtureissues from the openings. 24. At higher speeds, the valve 03 lifts andthe draft throu h the openings 43 is reversed, liquid fiiel issuingthrough said openings and mingling with the air passing between thevalve and the head. i

In Figs. 13- and 14 is shown still another modification of the sprayinghead, suitable for high power engines. In these views, the head 6 isprovided with two transversely extending bores or recesses 23 and 42,which are not connected with one another, and the longitudinal bore 22through the stem intersects the bore 42 only. Two fuel nozzles 18 and 18are provided, the former entering the bore of the stem as in thepreviously described figures, and the latter entering the transversebore or recess 23". The head is wider than those shown in the previouslydescribed figures, and it has extending through its upper wall atransverse series of'openings 24 which connect with the recess 23 and asimilar series of openings 24. which connect with the recess 42. The topof the head is grooved, as shown at 25*, these grooves extending acrossthe top of the head and 1n line with the front and rear perforationstherein, and the forward end of the valved, when closed, rests upon theribs ad acent the openings 24. In this form of spraying head, at lowengine speeds, the valve remains closed, or substantially so, and thereis no draft through the bore 22 or suction applied to the nozzle 18;.orat least, the suction is insufiicient to carry fuel from said noz'nle.Air flows, however, through the channels 25, under the valve and overthe orifices 24 and the suction caused by the engine draws the liquidfuel from the nozzle 18*, which mingles with the air as it emerges fromthe orifices 24 forming a mixture suitable in quantity and quality foroperating at low speed. It will be understood that when'the valve is inclosed position, the small volume of air is caused to travel rapidlypast the orifices 24 owing air passageway at th s point by the valve.Hence, a thorough mixture of the a1r and liquid fuel is insured, even atlow engine speed. With the opening of the throttle valve and consequentlifting of the .draft controlled valve (1, a draft is created throughthe stem of the mixing device past the fuel nozzle 18, and mixed air andfuel will then flow into the transverse passageway a2", and thence outthrough the orifices 24 lnto the current of air flowing;v over themixing device. Air will also flow downward'through to the restriction ofthe the orifices 2'1 and 28" into the bore 22 unless the throttle isopened to a considerable extent, in which case, as in the previouslydescribed figures, the draft through these orifices will be reversed,and as the draft controlled valve continues to open, liquid fuel willflow first out through the opening 27 and then, with the continuedopening movement of the valve d, through the opening 28". From what hasbeen said, it will be seen that with this spraying head, as the draftthrough the carbureter increases in response to the demands of theengine, the draft controlled valve 01 moves from its closed to itswide-open position and the liquid fuel passes out'through aprogressively increasing number of outlets, and conversely, as theengine slows down, the valve (1 returns to its normal position and theliquid fuel is supplied to a flowing current of air through aprogressively decreasing number of outlets.

The passageway in the casing in which the draft controlled damper issituated may be considered a main air passageway, while the passagewaythrough the spraying device may be termed an auxiliary air passageway,and for the purpose of distinguishing the spraying outlets or orificesin the claims, the orifices at the outlet end of the spraying device maybe considered as the main spraying orifices, while those at the rear ofthe outlet end may be considered as auxiliary spraying orifices.

, What I claim is:

1. In a carbureter for explosive engines, the combination with a casinghaving a main air passageway therethrough and an auxiliary airpassageway therein, the latter having a main spraying orifice and anauxiliary spraying orifice at the rear of said main orifice, of a fuelnozzle communicating with said auxiliary passageway, and a valve in themain air passageway normally checking the flow of air past saidauxiliary orifice and adapted to 0 en in response to increased draftthrough t e casing.

2. In a carbureter for explosive engines, the combination with acasing-having a main air passageway therethroughand an auxiliary airpassageway therein, the latter having a main spraying orifice and aplurality of auxiliary spraying orifices at the rear of said mainorifice, of a fuel nozzle communieating with said auxiliary passageway,and a valve in the main air passageway normally checking the flow ofai-rxpast said auxiliary orifices and adapted to open in response toincreased draft through the casing.

3. In a carbureter for explosive engines,

the combination with a casing having a main air passageway therethroughand an auxiliary a1r passageway therein, the latter having a mainspraying orifice and an auxiliary Hull till

ease-gratis spraying orifice at the rear of said main orifice, of a fuelnozzle communicating with said auxiliary passageway at the rear of saidauxiliary orifice, and a valve normally extending across the main airpassageway in advance of said auxiliary orifice and adapted to open inresponse to increased draft through the casing.

t. In a carbureter for explosive engines,

the combination with a casing having a main air passageway therethroughand an auxiliary air passageway therein, the latter having a mainspraying orifice and an auxiliary spraying orifice at the rear of saidmain orifice, of a fuel nozzle communicating with said auxiliarypassageway at the rear of said auxiliary orifice, and a hinged draftcontrolled valve normally extending across the main air passageway andhaving its free end adjacent said main spraying orifice.

5. in a carbureter for explosive engines, th combination with a casinghaving a main air passageway therethrough and an auxiliary airpassageway therein, the latter having a main spraying orifice and aplurality of auxiliary spraying orifices spaced rearwardly at differentdistances from the main orifice, of a fuel nozzle communicating withsaid auxiliary passageway, and a valve in the main air passagewaynormally checking the flow of air past said auxiliary orifices andadapted to open in response to increased draft through the casing.

6. lln a carbureter for explosive, engines,

' the combination with a casing having a main air passagewaytherethrough and an auxiliary air passageway therein, the latter havinga series of main spraying orifices extending transversely of the casingat its forward end and an auxiliary spraying orifice at the rear of saidseries, of a fuel nozzle communicating with said auxiliary passagewayand a valve in the main air passageway normally checking the flow of airpast said auxiliary orifice and adapted to open in response to increaseddraft through the casing.

7. lln a carbureter for explosive engines, the combination with a casinghaving a main air passageway therethrough and an auxiliary airpassageway therein, the latter having a series of main spraying orificesextending transversely of the casing at itsforward end and a transverseseries of auxiliary spraying orifices at the rear of said main series,of a fuel nozzle communicating with said auxiliary passageway, and avalve in the main passageway normally checking the fiow of air past.said auxiliary orifices and adapted to open in response to increased]draft through the casing.

8. lln a carburetor for explosive engines, a casing having a main airpassageway there through, a spraying device within the casing comprisinga hollow head extending transversely of the casing, and having a transverse series of spraying openings, and a tubular stem communicating withsaid head, a liquid fuel nozzle communicating with the interior of saidstem, and a draft-controlled valve normally restricting the flow of airthrough said passageway.

9. In a carburetor for explosive engines, a casing having a main airpassageway therethrough, a spraying device within the casing comprisingahollow head extending transversely of the casing, and having atransverse series of spraying openings, and a tu bular stemcommunicating with said head, a liquid fuel nozzle communicating withthe interior of said stem, and a hinged draft controlled valve normallyextending across said passageway and having its free end adjacent saidopenings.

10. la a carbureter for explosive engines, a casing having a main airpassageway therethrough, a spraying device within the casing comprisinga hollow head extending transversely of the casing, and having atransverse series of spraying openings, and a tubular stem communicatingwith said head, the latter having one or more spraying openings therein,a liquid fuel nozzle cornmunicating with said stem, and a draftcontrolled valve normally extending across said passageway in advance ofthe openings in the spraying stem.

11. In a carbureter for explosive engines, a a casing having a main airpassageway therethrough, a spraying device within the casing comprisinga hollow head extending transversely of the casing, and having atransverse series of spraying openings extending through its upper walland ribs or projections on said wall between the openings, and a tubularstem communicating with said head, a liquid fuel nozzle communicatingwith the interior of said stem, and a hinged draft-controlled valvenormally extending across the passageway and having its free endadjacent said ribs.

12; In a carbureter for explosive engines, the combination with acasinghaving a main air passageway therethrough of a spraying devicewithin the casing comprising a hole low head extending transversely ofthe cas ing and a tubular stern projecting rearwardly from the head, thehead having a spraying orifice and the stem having a bushing in itsinlet end, a fuel nozzle communicating with said stern in advance of thehushing,'and a draft-controlled valve ex tending a ross said passagewayadjacent said head.

13. In a carburetor for explosive engines, the combination with a casinghaving a main air passageway therethrough of a head. extendingtransversely of the casing and having two disconnected transverse bores,one in front of the other, and two series of spraying orifices, oneextending from each llltll art ilhd

bore, an auxiliary air passageway commu- In testimony whereof I haveafiixed my nlcatmg wlth the rear bore, fuel nozzles s1gnature,1npresence of two w1tnesses. commumcatlng with both bores, and a hingeddraft-controlled valve for the main RALPH SHIPMAN' air passageway havingits free end normally W1tnesses: adjacent the outlet orifices of theforward P. M. SAVIDGE,

bore. WALLACE E. Knorr.

